Living Environment Regents Practice Test

What type of organisms are responsible for breaking down important molecules in an ecosystem?

1. Producers

2. Consumers

3. Decomposers

4. Invasive species

The correct answer is: Decomposers

Decomposers play a vital role in ecosystems by breaking down complex organic materials, such as dead plants and animals, as well as waste products. Through this process of decomposition, they recycle nutrients back into the environment, making them available for producers, such as plants, to utilize in their growth. This nutrient cycling is essential for maintaining the health of ecosystems, as it contributes to soil fertility and supports the overall food web. While producers are responsible for creating energy through photosynthesis, and consumers obtain energy by eating other organisms, it is the decomposers that ensure that energy and nutrients are returned to the soil, facilitating the growth of new life. Invasive species may disrupt these processes but do not inherently contribute to the decomposition of organic matter. Therefore, the significance of decomposers in recycling nutrients makes them crucial to the balance and functionality of ecosystems.